用引物Y_3,Y_4和DNA扩增技术作血液(痕)和毛根性别鉴定的研究

作者用引物Y_3、Y_4和DNA聚合酶链式反应(PCR)作微量人类血液(痕)和毛根的性别鉴定。扩增的靶序列位于Y染色体DNA特异3.4kb重复序列中,扩增产物为460bp。检材用量为:新鲜血液0.5μl、血痕纱纤维1mm、毛根单个。20例保存4个月的血痕与2例保存6年半的血痕性别判定结果均正确,无性别记载的保存9～11年的3例血痕显现了清晰的460bpY特异DNA扩增带。15例保存20天的自然脱落毛根性别判定结果均正确。本法省略了检材处理中的酚-氯仿抽提DNA等纯化步骤,既简化了实验操作,又减少了检验过程中外源DNA的污染机会和样品DNA的损耗,使这一性别鉴定方法更符合法医学实践的需要。     

用酶标抗人精液单克隆抗体A_(10)C_6建立ELISA斑点法快速鉴定人精(液)斑

作者用过氧化物酶标记自己研制的抗人精液单克隆抗体A10C6建立了简便快速鉴定人精斑的ELISA斑点法，直接通过酶标抗体上的酶催化底物显示颜色变化，来判断结果，阳性呈灰色斑点，阴性为无色。其结果只对人精斑浸出液显示阳性斑点，对人的其他组织器官及体液均呈阴性，对动物精斑也无交叉反应，精斑浸出液稀释到1：3200倍仍呈阳性结果。     

用胶乳凝集抑制试验鉴定人类精斑

作者用人类精浆致敏的胶乳和人初乳吸收后的抗人精液血清,采用胶乳凝集抑制试验凹玻板法盲测了180份生物性斑痕,结果表明此法确证人类精斑的敏感性,准确性均高于精子检出法,而与抗 p30血清琼脂双向扩散结果一致,且可用于混合斑的检验,具有快速、准确、简便等优点。     

复合扩增mtDNA-HVI和Cyt b片段鉴定混合血痕种属

目的探讨mtDNA-HVI和Cyt b片段复合扩增法鉴定人与动物混合血痕种属的应用价值。方法用chelex-100法从人、牛、猪、狗、兔、鱼、鸡和鼠血痕中提取DNA,复合扩增mtDNA-HVI片段和Cyt b片段,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果人类在mtDNA-HVI区和Cyt b区分别出现279bp和358bp各一条带,且279bp条带亮于358bp;动物均只有358bp一条带。人与7种动物血痕的检测灵敏度均为3.13ng。检测人与动物混合DNA,灵敏度仍为3.13ng,但358bp条带亮于279bp条带。结论当358bp带明显强于279bp带时,提示检材为人与动物的混合。     

Bounding the number of contributors to mixed DNA stains

We derive a simple inequality for the probability of observing a given DNA profile when assuming a fixed number of unknown persons have contributed to the mixed stain. We then show how this inequality can be used to obtain an upper bound for the number of unknown contributors needed to be considered.     

Mixed electoral rules’ impact on party systems

The growing literature about mixed electoral systems has addressed their effect on party systems, voting behavior, campaign strategies, legislative roll-call voting, and other issues in a handful of countries. But, the effect of mixed systems has not been fully evaluated cross-nationally or longitudinally. Using data from the World Bank’s Database of Political Institutions, we address this gap in the literature by investigating two related questions. First, do mixed electoral rules produce different election outcomes than other election rules? Second, are these results attenuated by the definitions of mixed systems that scholars employ? We find that mixed systems generate outcomes that are distinct from other electoral systems and that these findings are generally robust across different definitions.     

Unheard Voices: Why Former Child Welfare Workers Left Their Positions

This mixed methods study used a snowball sample (n = 54) to capture retrospective insight from former public child welfare workers about job satisfaction and reasons they left their positions. Responses to open-ended questions suggested a theme of lack of organizational support as the primary reason they left. Former workers also reported that they wanted a voice and someone to hear their concerns, greater recognition, and opportunity to practice self-care. Quantitatively, workers in their positions 8 years or longer were the most satisfied on a 19-item global scale examining job satisfaction. Respondents were unhappy with their workloads and emotional impact of their positions.     

论刑事诉讼中的同案犯证言

在刑事诉讼活动中,提供证言的同案犯具有特殊地位。在刑事侦查工作中,同案犯证言发挥了十分关键的作用,也引发了一系列证据法和程序法问题。同案犯证言具有潜在的不可靠性,可通过健全证据开示制度及法官审查制度等措施保证该证据的正确适用。     

人精浆蛋白双向谱型特征及其器官特异性的研究

本文应用双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（2D—PAGE）技术分析了60例正常人精浆中的蛋白成分。阐明了人精浆蛋白双向电泳谱型的特征，并将人精浆蛋白双向电泳谱型与其他体液蛋白双向谱型进行了比较，证明人精浆蛋白双向电泳谱型具有器官特异性。本文还用2D－PAGE对不同条件下保存的精斑进行了认定。并将其应用于强奸案的鉴定。     

用ELISA检测精液及精斑中精子抗原的研究

本实验应用单克隆抗人精子抗体和酶标记羊抗人精子抗体,采用ELISA方法确定精子抗原成份的存在。对10份新鲜精液,15份精斑进行了验测,其结果阳性率为100%。新鲜精液(精子数约10,000万个/ml)稀释100万倍,精斑浸出液稀释50万倍,均可出现阳性。对唾液斑、尿斑、乳汁斑、阴道斑、汗斑及输精管结扎的精液均为阴性。实验结果表明,本法检验精子抗原具有灵敏度高,特异性好的优点。